Dr. Lorraine Gray is Director of Permitting at Pioneer Consulting. With 25 years in marine management, Dr. Gray is an early pioneer of Marine Spatial Planning. She has carried out projects on zoning cables, renewables and aquaculture for Scottish and English governments, has written guidance on zoning for the European Commission, and published papers in peer-reviewed journals. Lorraine is an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment practitioner, having supported marine industries in permitting applications. Since joining Pioneer Consulting, Dr. Gray has guided survey and installation efforts in the most crucial submarine fiber optic cable projects underway, including TransAtlantic, TransPacific, and TransEuropean.